Scientists have discovered why obesity can be more dangerous for men

Researchers from the University of California found differences in the immune system of male and female mice with obesity. In the adipose tissue of females there were more special cells that help to restrain inflammation and protect the body from the negative effects of weight gain. The study was published in the journal PNAS Nexus.

The researchers studied eosinophils, immune cells commonly associated with allergies and asthma. The analysis revealed six of their varieties in adipose tissue. In females, eosinophils interacted more actively with macrophages, maintaining a healthy environment and curbing inflammation. Males who received a high-fat diet were more likely to have types of eosinophils associated with inflammatory processes.

An important role in the defense mechanism is presumably played by the protein RELM alpha, which is produced by macrophages. It helps maintain their interaction with eosinophils. In previous experiments, administering this protein to mice also had a protective effect.

The authors believe that the peculiarities of immune cells may explain why men and women suffer obesity differently. This is important to consider when developing drugs that affect the immune system: their effect may vary depending on the sex of the patient.

Scientists will have to find out whether this mechanism works in humans and whether it can be used to treat the complications of obesity.