A psychiatrist told what an autism spectrum disorder is and how to help a person with it

Autism spectrum disorder is not a disease in the classical sense, but a feature of brain development when a person processes information differently and interacts with the world. About what signs indicate ASD, why these features occur and what approaches help to adapt, said the psychiatrist, psychotherapist Denis Khreshchatov, writes sb.by.

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder

According to the expert, in modern medicine, they talk not just about autism, but about autism spectrum disorder. This is a group of conditions associated with the features of brain development.

- This is not just a disease in the classical sense, but a different way of processing information and interacting with the world, said Denis Khreshchatov.

ASD is characterized by a set of features: difficulties in social interaction, features of communication. Speech may develop with a delay, be absent or manifest echolalia. There are also limited stereotypical interests and behaviors: a person can be deeply immersed in a certain area, show repetitive movements, and react sharply to changes in the environment.

- The spectrum of violations is very wide. Some of them are mild and practically do not affect life, others require constant support. Sometimes people with ASD reveal outstanding abilities in a certain area — the so-called savantism, — said the doctor.

When the first signs appear

As a rule, the first signs can be noticed during the first year of life, but more often - at the age of 2-3 years. Sometimes the symptoms are masked, and the diagnosis is made much later, already in adulthood.

Why does ALS occur

- There's no single reason. There are a number of factors that lead to violations. These are genetic disorders - many genes associated with the development of the nervous system have been identified. These are environmental factors and pregnancy. The risk can increase prematurity, pregnancy complications, fetal hypoxia and other disorders, said Denis Khreshchatov.

He also dispelled a common myth:

- There is no scientific evidence that vaccinations or Teflon cover affect the development of autism spectrum disorder.

Is it possible to cure ALS

Since ASD is not a disease, but a feature of development, it cannot be cured. It is necessary to choose a set of approaches that will help adapt and develop communication, self-service and communication skills.

- The approaches can be individual. These include behavioral therapy, sensory integration therapy, family work, and alternative communication systems. Sometimes in some cases, the doctor may prescribe drug therapy to relieve concomitant pathology: anxiety, sleep disorders or behavior, the specialist explained.

No two people with ASD are the same

- Each person has a unique set of strengths and characteristics. Early diagnosis and timely support significantly improve the prognosis and stabilize the condition, said Denis Khreshchatov.

He also noted the role of society:

- If you notice any of these features in your child or want to understand the problem more deeply, I advise you to consult a child psychiatrist or clinical psychologist. The specialist will help to understand the situation and find the right support route.